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Five-character Rhythmic Poetry
五言律詩(shī)，是中國(guó)古代律詩(shī)的重要體式之一。其基本形式為八句四韻，每句五個(gè)字。六韻、八韻乃至更多韻的五言長(zhǎng)律，也屬于五律。五律的寫作有音律和修辭兩方面的要求。音律體現(xiàn)為平仄聲調(diào)和押韻。五律約有四種基本句式，平仄交錯(cuò)，按照黏對(duì)規(guī)則安排字句，在偶數(shù)句押韻，一般押平聲韻。修辭體現(xiàn)在對(duì)仗和起承轉(zhuǎn)合的章法上，八句分首、頷、頸、尾四聯(lián)，中間的頷、頸兩聯(lián)對(duì)仗。五律是五言詩(shī)中最精密的形態(tài)，將音律之美和修辭之美融合在一起，整體節(jié)奏流暢、興象渾融，具有中正平和的藝術(shù)審美效果。唐朝的五律成就最高，名家輩出，佳作如林。另外，從唐代至清代，六韻或八韻的五律一直是科舉考試的必考項(xiàng)目，被稱作試帖詩(shī)。這也充分證明了五律在中國(guó)古典文化中的重要性。
Five-character rhythmic poetry is one of the most important forms of ancient Chinese rhyming poetry. The basic form is eight lines with four pairs of rhymes and each line has five characters. Long rhyming poems with six, eight or even more rhymes are also part of five-character rhythmic poetry. Five-character rhythmic poetry must meet both metrical rules and rhetorical requirements. The metrical rules refer to level and oblique tones and the rhyme scheme. In five-character rhythmic poetry, there are four basic types of lines, alternating between level and oblique tones; level and oblique tones must match between different pairs of lines and within the same pair of lines; and rhymes are in even numbered lines, usually with the level tone. The rhetoric is embodied in the antithesis and the arrangement of introduction, elucidation, transition and summing up. The eight lines are divided into the first, second, third, and fourth pairs, and the second and third pairs in the middle are antithetical. Five-character rhythmic poetry is the most sophisticated form of Chinese five-character poetry, combining the beauty of temperament and rhetoric. The overall rhythm is smooth, and impromptu inspirations and material objects are integrated, producing the artistic aesthetic effect of tranquility and stateliness.
The Tang Dynasty attained the greatest achievement in five-character rhythmic poetry, with a large number of famous poets and poems. In addition, from the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, five-character rhythmic poetry with six or eight rhymes, known as shitie poetry (試帖詩(shī)), was always a compulsory item in the imperial examination. This fully illustrates the importance of this type of poetry in classical Chinese culture.
引例 Citation：
◎五言律體，極盛于唐。要其大端，亦有二格：陳、杜、沈、宋，典麗精工；王、孟、儲(chǔ)、韋，清空閑遠(yuǎn)，此其概也。（胡應(yīng)麟《詩(shī)藪·內(nèi)編四》）
五言律詩(shī)，在唐代達(dá)到極盛?？偨Y(jié)其主要特點(diǎn)，有兩種風(fēng)格：陳子昂、杜審言、沈佺期、宋之問(wèn)的詩(shī)，典雅、華麗、精致、工穩(wěn)；王維、孟浩然、儲(chǔ)光羲、韋應(yīng)物的詩(shī)，清新、空靈、悠閑、高遠(yuǎn)。這是唐代五律的大致情況。
Five-character rhythmic poetry reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty. To summarize its main features, there were two styles. The poems of Chen Zi'ang, Du Shenyan, Shen Quanqi, and Song Zhiwen were elegant, sumptuous, refined, and pertinent; the poems of Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Chu Guangxi, and Wei Yingwu were fresh, graceful, relaxed, and lofty. Such is the general situation of the five-character rhythmic poetry of the Tang Dynasty. (Hu Yinglin: An In-depth Exploration of Poetry)
推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語(yǔ)委
供稿：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
