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A Person Skilled at Warfare Controls His Opponents and Is Not Controlled by Them
善于打仗的人能夠調(diào)動(dòng)敵人而不被敵人所調(diào)動(dòng)。其要義在于強(qiáng)調(diào)掌握戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的主動(dòng)權(quán)。在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上，軍隊(duì)指揮官能駕馭戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)并使之向著自己所期望的態(tài)勢(shì)變化，是取得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)勝利的先決條件。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的主動(dòng)權(quán)以一定的客觀條件和主觀指導(dǎo)為基礎(chǔ)，并隨著敵我雙方力量的消長(zhǎng)和指導(dǎo)思想的正確與否而隨時(shí)發(fā)生變換。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的敵我雙方，都力爭(zhēng)在交戰(zhàn)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)選擇及力量對(duì)比等方面將主動(dòng)權(quán)掌握在自己手中。爭(zhēng)取主動(dòng)權(quán)的方法主要是運(yùn)用靈活機(jī)動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)，破壞敵之有利狀態(tài)，造成敵之弱點(diǎn)，瓦解敵之斗志，阻止敵之意圖等。主動(dòng)權(quán)思想不只是很高的軍事智慧，對(duì)其他領(lǐng)域的工作乃至為人處世等也有啟發(fā)意義。
A person who is skilled at warfare controls his opponents and is not controlled by them. The key point here is an emphasis on controlling the initiative in a battle. On the battlefield, a prerequisite for victory is the troop commander's ability to determine the course of battle and steer it in the desired direction. Initiative in a battle is based on various objective conditions and subjective commands, and it constantly changes along with the changing balance of the opposing forces and the correctness of command concepts. During a battle, both sides try to take the initiative by controlling the time and place of engagement and the balance of forces. The main way to gain the initiative is to use flexible strategies and tactics to disrupt a situation which favors the opponent, to create weaknesses in him, to break his fighting spirit, and to thwart his plans. The concept of controlling the initiative is not only a manifestation of great military wisdom; it also offers insights for other areas of work and even for everyday behavior.
引例 Citations：
◎凡先處戰(zhàn)地而待敵者佚，后處戰(zhàn)地而趨戰(zhàn)者勞，故善戰(zhàn)者致人而不致于人。能使敵人自至者，利之也；能使敵人不得至者，害之也。故敵佚能勞之，飽能饑之，安能動(dòng)之。（《孫子·虛實(shí)》）
凡是先到達(dá)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)等待敵方到來(lái)的一方是安逸輕松的，后到達(dá)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)倉(cāng)促交戰(zhàn)的一方則是疲勞的，所以善于打仗的人能夠調(diào)動(dòng)敵人而不被敵人所調(diào)動(dòng)。或示以小利，誘使敵軍自己進(jìn)入我方指定的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)；或設(shè)法阻攔，使敵軍無(wú)法到達(dá)相應(yīng)的位置。所以，敵若安逸輕松，我則要設(shè)法使之疲勞；敵若糧草充足，我則要設(shè)法使之挨餓；敵若安穩(wěn)駐扎，我則要設(shè)法使之移動(dòng)。
Whoever is first on the battlefield and awaits the foe will be rested, and whoever arrives late and rushes into battle will be tired. Hence, one who is skilled at war can control his opponents instead of being controlled by them. He may use some small advantage to lure the enemy to a battlefield of his own choosing; or he may put the enemy at a disadvantage by preventing him from reaching the battlefield. Thus a rested enemy can be made exhausted, a well-fed enemy can be made hungry, and a settled enemy can be made to move. (The Art of War)
◎敵好擊虛，吾以虛形之；敵好背實(shí)，吾以實(shí)形之。然而所擊者非其虛，所背者非其實(shí)。故逸能勞之，飽能饑之，此所謂致人而不致于人也。（《宋史·兵志九·訓(xùn)練之制》）
敵軍如果想要攻擊我兵力薄弱的地方，我即偽裝成兵力薄弱的樣子；敵軍如果想要避開(kāi)我兵力厚實(shí)的地方，我即偽裝成兵力厚實(shí)的樣子。但實(shí)際上，敵軍所攻擊的并不是我薄弱的地方，所避開(kāi)的也并不是我厚實(shí)的地方。所以，敵軍若安逸從容，我就要設(shè)法使之疲勞；敵軍若糧草充足，我就要設(shè)法使之挨餓。這就是所謂調(diào)動(dòng)敵人而不被敵人所調(diào)動(dòng)。
If the enemy wants to attack me where I am weak, I make my forces pretend to be weak; if he tries to avoid me where I am strong, I make my forces appear to be strong. But in fact the enemy will not be attacking me where I am weak, nor will he be avoiding me where I am strong. Thus if the enemy is relaxed, I will try to exhaust him, and if he is well-fed I will try to make him go hungry. This is known as controlling one's opponent and not being controlled by him. (The History of the Song Dynasty)
◎多方以致敵之來(lái)，我據(jù)便地而待之，無(wú)有不勝。法曰：“致人而不致于人?！保ā栋賾?zhàn)奇略·致戰(zhàn)》）
千方百計(jì)調(diào)動(dòng)敵人前來(lái)交戰(zhàn)，我則占據(jù)有利地形以逸待勞，這樣沒(méi)有不打勝仗的。誠(chéng)如兵法所說(shuō)：“調(diào)動(dòng)敵人而不被敵人所調(diào)動(dòng)?！?/p>
I will use every means possible to entice the enemy into battle, where I await him at a place where the terrain is favorable to myself. This way, I am assured of victory. As the book on warfare says, "Control others and do not be controlled by them." (Extraordinary Strategies for Various Types of Battles)
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供稿：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
