??
Fighting a War with a Moral Justification
興兵開(kāi)戰(zhàn)要有正當(dāng)?shù)拿x或理由。泛指做事有正當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?。它包含兩層意思：其一，師直為壯，謂出兵理由正當(dāng)，則士氣旺盛，戰(zhàn)斗力強(qiáng)，否則難以服眾；其二，無(wú)故不得興兵，防止因貪、怒而窮兵黷武。其核心在于強(qiáng)調(diào)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的正義性。這是文明精神的體現(xiàn)。
To wage a war, one must have a legitimate cause, just as we ought to have such a reason for doing all things. The term has two meanings. The first is that moral justification is a source of strength when waging a war. With moral justification, the troops will have high morale and strength in fighting. Without it, it would be difficult to command the troops. The second meaning is that war must not be waged without a just cause. Greed or anger should not be allowed to lead to militarism and aggression. The underlying notion of this concept is that war can only be fought with a just cause, which represents the spirit of civilization.
引例 Citations：
◎師必有名。（《禮記·檀弓下》）
出兵必須有正當(dāng)理由。
A military campaign must have a moral justification. (The Book of Rites)
◎順德者昌，逆德者亡。兵出無(wú)名，事故不成。（《漢書(shū)·高帝紀(jì)上》）
順應(yīng)道德就會(huì)昌盛，違背道德就會(huì)滅亡。出兵沒(méi)有正當(dāng)名義，事情就不會(huì)成功。
Those who have virtue thrive; those who go against virtue perish. If a war is waged without moral justification, it will not succeed. (The History of the Han Dynasty)
◎庶幾義聲昭彰，理直氣壯，師出有名，大功可就矣。（朱鼎《玉鏡臺(tái)記·聞雞起舞》）
希望正義的聲音廣為傳揚(yáng)，理由正大而氣勢(shì)雄壯，出兵有正當(dāng)?shù)拿x，這樣才可建成大功業(yè)。
I hope the voice of justice will be heard everywhere. Be bold and confident when fighting a just war. When a military campaign has a moral justification, great victory can be achieved. (Zhu Ding: A Tale of a Jade Dressing Table)
推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語(yǔ)委
供稿：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢(qián)耐安
