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三思而行
Think Thrice Before Acting
原指經(jīng)過三次思考以后再去施行。是一種過于謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。適度的思考是正當(dāng)言行的前提，但如果思慮過于謹(jǐn)慎，則容易心生顧慮、猶豫，使對私利的關(guān)切影響對道義的遵守?！墩撜Z》記述魯大夫季文子“三思而后行”，孔子認(rèn)為，季文子思考兩次即可，不必三思。后人在使用“三思而行”一詞時，常淡化其過度謹(jǐn)慎之義，僅用以勸誡謹(jǐn)慎行事，強調(diào)在言語行事之前應(yīng)周詳?shù)厮伎?，從而做出符合日用倫常之道的選擇。
Originally the term referred to taking action only after having reflected thrice. This is a kind of attitude handling things too cautiously. An appropriate measure of reflection is a prerequisite for proper speech and action, but if one becomes too cautious, then hesitation and doubt easily arise in the mind, affecting the observance of morality in the face of personal gain. "The Analects" records that Ji Wenzi, a senior official of the State of Lu, "acted having reflected thrice." Confucius thought that it would suffice if Ji reflected twice and that there was no need to reflect three times. When people later used the expression "thinking thrice before acting," they weakened the meaning of being too cautious, and just used it to urge caution when acting. They stressed that one should carefully reflect before speaking or acting so as to be in conformity with accepted moral standards.
引例 Citation：
◎季文子三思而后行。子聞之，曰：“再，斯可矣?！保ā墩撜Z·公冶長》）
季文子三思之后才去行事?？鬃勇犅労笳f：“思考兩次就可以了?！?/p>
Ji Wenzi acted after having reflected thrice. When Confucius heard it, he remarked, "Twice is sufficient." (The Analects)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
