??
指詩(shī)歌作品中所體現(xiàn)的超然物外、曠放通達(dá)的胸襟和藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。是作者通達(dá)的人生觀及平和心態(tài)與作品藝術(shù)形象的高度融合。具有曠放性情的作者，多因世事坎坷或社會(huì)動(dòng)亂而落魄或退隱，往往以詩(shī)文抒寫(xiě)胸臆，反映在詩(shī)歌作品中，既有對(duì)世事物情超曠出塵的人生警悟，也有憤世嫉俗、傲岸不羈的真情流露。它的淵源可以追溯到儒家有為和道家順其自然的思想及魏晉名士超塵脫俗、開(kāi)朗達(dá)觀的人生態(tài)度。既不逃避世俗，也不貪戀名利，事理通達(dá)，心境開(kāi)闊。唐代司空?qǐng)D將其提升為一個(gè)詩(shī)學(xué)、美學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)作品風(fēng)格與作者心態(tài)及人生觀的統(tǒng)一，意在倡導(dǎo)一種超脫曠達(dá)的人生觀與審美心態(tài)。
The term means broad-mindedness and a totally unconstrained artistic style in poetic works. It presents a perfect union of the author's outlook on life, his peaceful mind, and the artistic form of his work. A broad-minded writer was often disheartened and went into seclusion, caused either by frustrations countered in life or social turmoil, and he would naturally seek to express his emotion in literature. As reflected in his writings, such a writer possessed a keen insight into the vicissitudes of worldly affairs. Being cynical and indignant, he also revealed such feelings of disdain for the world and its ways in his writings. The origin of this attitude can be traced back to the Confucian concept of proactivity and the Daoist proposition of following the nature, as well as to the open and cultured way of life characteristic of famous scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties. Such a writer would not shy away from the worldly, but neither would he cling to fame and wealth. He was completely reasonable in attitude and tolerant in mood. Sikong Tu, a literary critic in the Tang Dynasty, used this term to assess poetic and aesthetic achievement by emphasizing the unity of the style of a work and the mental attitude and the view about human life on the part of the author. The idea is to promote a view about life and an aesthetic attitude that is open-minded and uplifting.
引例 Citation：
◎生者百歲，相去幾何。歡樂(lè)苦短，憂愁實(shí)多。何如尊酒，日往煙蘿?；ǜ裁╅埽栌晗噙^(guò)。倒酒既盡，杖藜行歌。孰不有古，南山峨峨。（司空?qǐng)D《二十四詩(shī)品·曠達(dá)》）
人的一生不過(guò)百年，壽命長(zhǎng)短能差幾何。歡樂(lè)時(shí)光總苦短促，憂愁日子其實(shí)更多。哪里比得上手持酒樽，每日在煙繞藤纏的幽靜處暢飲。那鮮花覆蓋的茅檐下，細(xì)雨疏疏飄忽訪顧。壺中酒已經(jīng)喝完，拄著藜杖漫步唱歌。誰(shuí)沒(méi)有死的那一天？只有終南山才會(huì)巍峨長(zhǎng)存。
There are no more than a hundred years in a man's life, so what difference does it make whether it is long or short! Joys are painfully brief, but sorrows are numerous. There is nothing like holding a goblet of drink, strolling in the mist and the quiet and shady garden, or watching rain drizzling down the thatched eaves covered with flowers! After finishing the drink, I will just take another stroll and sing! Who can escape from one's last day? Only the Zhongnan Mountains will forever stay lofty. (Sikong Tu: Twenty-four Styles of Poetry)
推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語(yǔ)委
供稿：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢(qián)耐安
