根據(jù)人的資質(zhì)、志趣等實(shí)施教育、教學(xué)?！安摹敝溉说馁Y質(zhì)、志趣、受教育程度等因素。這是孔子最早實(shí)踐、經(jīng)后人總結(jié)概括而確立的教育、教學(xué)原則?！抖Y記·中庸》所說(shuō)的“率性”（遵循人的天性）、《周易》所說(shuō)的“盡性”（充分發(fā)揮天性），可以說(shuō)是這一原則的基礎(chǔ)理念，它至今仍被廣為提倡，其要旨是：教育、教學(xué)在內(nèi)容選擇、方法運(yùn)用、目標(biāo)設(shè)定等方面，要適應(yīng)受教育者的個(gè)體差異，以期達(dá)到更好效果。這一原則得到心理學(xué)、教育學(xué)的論證，已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代教育科學(xué)的基本理念。

This term means to educate and teach according to people's caliber and their interests. Cai (材) refers to factors such as people's caliber and interests, and their level of education. This is an educational and pedagogical principle first practiced by Confucius, and later summarized and established by others. We may say that the core concepts of this principle are shuaixing (率性 acting in accordance with human nature) as described in The Book of Rites, and jinxing (盡性 making full use of human nature) as described in The Book of Changes. It has been widely accepted to this day, and its gist is that in education and pedagogy, the choice of subject matter, methods and goals must vary according to the individual characteristics of the audience if they are to achieve better outcomes. This principle has been corroborated through psychology and pedagogy, and has become a fundamental concept in the modern science of education.

引例 Citations：

◎子曰：“中人以上，可以語(yǔ)上也；中人以下，不可以語(yǔ)上也?！保ā墩撜Z(yǔ)·雍也》）

孔子說(shuō)：“對(duì)資質(zhì)中等以上的人，可以講高深的道理；對(duì)資質(zhì)中等以下的人，不可以講高深的道理?！?/p>

Confucius said, "You can discuss profound issues with someone who is above average; you cannot discuss profound issues with someone who is below average." (The Analects)

◎天之生物，必因其材而篤焉。（《禮記·中庸》）

上天生養(yǎng)萬(wàn)物，必定根據(jù)它們的資質(zhì)天性而厚待它們。

Heaven gave birth to all living things, and it must treat them according to their characteristics. (The Book of Rites)

◎因材施教，士多因以得名，時(shí)有朱門弟子之目。（《清史稿·朱筠傳》）

（朱筠）因材施教，很多讀書人經(jīng)過(guò)他的培養(yǎng)而成名，當(dāng)時(shí)有“朱門弟子”之稱。

Because Zhu Jun adjusted his teaching to his audience, many scholars who studied with him achieved fame, and they were known at the time as "pupils of the school of Zhu." (Draft History of the Qing Dynasty)

推薦：教育部 國(guó)家語(yǔ)委

供稿：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué) 外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社

責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安