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賢人 Xianren (Person of Integrity)
賢德之人。“賢人”是古人所推崇的理想人格之一。“賢人”能夠踐行并維護(hù)人倫生活的各種規(guī)則，其言行被作為人倫生活的典范。不過，不同學(xué)派對(duì)于“賢人”之德的具體內(nèi)涵會(huì)有不同的理解。儒家所言“賢人”，即能夠踐行仁義等道德，是為政的重要人才。而墨家所言“賢人”，則要能夠使治下的百姓以“兼愛”作為根本的行事原則。此外，如道家等學(xué)派則認(rèn)為對(duì)“賢人”的推崇會(huì)導(dǎo)致無謂的紛爭，不利于社會(huì)的治理。
A person of integrity is one with the ideal character championed by the ancient Chinese. A person of integrity practices and observes all the ethical rules and standards in life, and his behavior is revered as the model for such a way of life. However, different schools of thought have different understanding as to what qualities a person of integrity should have. To Confucian scholars, a person of integrity practices moral virtues such as benevolence and righteousness and is considered competent for being an official. Mohists, however, believe a person of integrity should see that those under his governance practice universal love as their fundamental moral guidance. Still others, such as Daoist scholars, argue that exalting a person of integrity would lead to unnecessary controversy and would thus be detrimental to governance.
引例 Citations：
◎子曰：“見賢思齊焉，見不賢而內(nèi)自省也。”（《論語·里仁》）
孔子說：“遇見有德才的人，就要想著努力向他看齊；遇見德才不好的人，就要在內(nèi)心反省自己（是否有同樣的缺點(diǎn)）?！?/p>
Confucius said, "When you see a person of integrity, you should emulate him; when you see an indecent person, you should reflect on your own shortcomings." (The Analects)
◎夫尚賢者，政之本也。（《墨子·尚賢上》）
崇尚有德才的人，是為政的根本。
Respecting a person of integrity is fundamental to governance. (Mozi)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
