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楚辭是由屈原創(chuàng)作的一種詩體，后來又成為代表中國古代南方文化的第一部詩歌總集。楚辭運用楚地（今湖南、湖北一帶）的文學(xué)體式、方言聲韻，敘寫楚地的山川人物、歷史風(fēng)情，具有濃厚的地域特色，因而得名。“楚辭”之名，西漢初期已有之，后劉向輯錄成集，收戰(zhàn)國時期楚國人屈原、宋玉以及漢代淮南小山、東方朔、嚴忌、王褒、劉向等人作品共16篇，后來王逸作《楚辭章句》時增加了自己的一篇，共17篇。楚辭通過獨特的文體與文化內(nèi)涵，反映出南方楚國文化的特點，抒情色彩濃厚，想象豐富，保存了上古許多神話故事，彰顯出不同于《詩經(jīng)》傳統(tǒng)的一種全新的文學(xué)精神與文學(xué)體式，成為與《詩經(jīng)》并駕齊驅(qū)的文學(xué)形態(tài)，后世稱這種文體為“楚辭體”或“騷體”，稱研究《楚辭》的學(xué)問為“楚辭學(xué)”。
Chuci (楚辭) was a poetic genre first attributed to Qu Yuan. It later became the title for the first anthology of poetry depicting the culture in south China. Chuci was so named because it made use of Chu (now Hunan and Hubei provinces) dialect, accent, and local special genres to describe the unique landscape, history, and folklore of the State of Chu. The term chuci first appeared in the early Western Han Dynasty, and later Liu Xiang compiled a literary collection including 16 pieces written by Qu Yuan, Song Yu, Huainan Xiaoshan (a group of authors of the Western Han Dynasty), Dongfang Shuo, Yan Ji, Wang Bao, and Liu Xiang. When Wang Yi later compiled "Verses from the Odes of Chu," he added a work of his own to the collection, making it an anthology of 17 works. Through its distinctive genre and unique cultural elements, "chuci" reflected the special culture of the Chu region in southern China. As a genre, "chuci" is characterized by profound emotions, wild imagination, and rich allusions to the remote historical mythology from the dawn of Chinese history. It demonstrates an innovative and distinctive literary genre and spirit, standing with "The Book of Songs" as twin literary pinnacles. Later generations called this genre "Chuci" Style or Sao Style (Flowery Style), and its research chuci studies.
引例 Citations：
◎固知楚辭者，體憲于三代，而風(fēng)雜于戰(zhàn)國，乃雅頌之博徒，而詞賦之英杰也。（劉勰《文心雕龍·辨騷》）
可以肯定，楚辭取法于三代的圣賢之書，但也摻雜有戰(zhàn)國的風(fēng)氣，比起《詩經(jīng)》來，要遜色一些，但卻是詞賦中的精品。
It can be ascertained that works by Qu Yuan and his contemporaries in the State of Chu borrowed literary elements from the classics of the past ages, but also blended some stylistic features from the Warring States Period. Though less outstanding than "The Book of Songs," they were masterpieces in poetry. (Liu Xie: The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons)
◎蓋屈宋諸騷，皆書楚語，作楚聲，紀楚地，名楚物，故可謂之“楚辭”。（黃伯思《校定楚辭序》）
大體上說，屈原、宋玉的諸多騷體之作，都是用楚地的方言，用楚地的音樂，描寫楚國的地理，稱說楚地的風(fēng)物，因此可稱作“楚辭”。
Generally speaking, the literary works of Qu Yuan and Song Yu used Chu dialect and exploited Chu rhythm and tunes to depict the landscape and scenery in Chu, hence called chuci, or odes of Chu. (Huang Bosi: Preface to Odes of Chu [Revised Edition])
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
