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善敗者不亡
Those Adept at Coping with Defeat Cannot Be Destroyed
善于應(yīng)對敗局者不會滅亡。用兵打仗，任何一方都不可能保證只勝不敗。高超的統(tǒng)帥，不僅要善于把握優(yōu)勢和勝局，還要善于應(yīng)對劣勢和敗局。當(dāng)敗局無可挽回時，要盡可能地發(fā)揮主觀能動性，力爭將己方的損失降到最低，避免一敗涂地，引發(fā)總體性、根本性的動搖、崩潰和覆滅。這一術(shù)語體現(xiàn)了在被動中尋求主動的辯證法，在現(xiàn)代社會具有更為廣泛的應(yīng)用。
Those who are adept at coping with defeat cannot be destroyed. No party in a war can always be sure of victory and never be defeated. An outstanding commander must not only be skilled at using his advantages when in a position of strength, he must also be adept at coping with disadvantages when in a position of weakness. When defeat is inevitable, he must take the initiative as much as possible and reduce losses to the minimum, thereby avoiding a catastrophic defeat which could lead to an overall breakdown, collapse and destruction. This expression exemplifies the dialectic of seeking to take the initiative when at a disadvantage; it is even more broadly applicable in contemporary society.
引例 Citations：
◎善師者不陳（zhèn），善陳者不戰(zhàn)，善戰(zhàn)者不敗，善敗者不亡。（《漢書·刑法志》）
善于用兵的人不輕易布陣，善于布陣的人不輕易攻擊，善于攻擊的人不容易失敗，善于應(yīng)對敗局的人不容易滅亡。
Someone skilled in warfare will not readily deploy; someone skilled in deployment will not readily attack; someone skilled in attacking cannot be readily defeated; someone skilled in coping with defeat cannot be readily destroyed. (The History of the Han Dynasty)
◎故師覆于外而本根不搖者，善敗也。（《宋史·尹洙（zhū）傳》）
所以軍隊雖然在外面打了敗仗而國家的根本仍未動搖，這就是善于應(yīng)對敗局。
Thus if a country's army is defeated away from home and yet it remains unshaken, it is adept at coping with defeat. (The History of the Song Dynasty)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
