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When Reaching an Extreme, Things Are Bound to Revert to Their Opposites
事物到達(dá)某一極端必然會(huì)向其反面轉(zhuǎn)化。古人很早就認(rèn)識(shí)到，事物的屬性或狀態(tài)總會(huì)在一定情況下向與自身相反的對(duì)立面轉(zhuǎn)化。北宋的程頤（1033—1107）則對(duì)這一事物變化的規(guī)則作出了更細(xì)致的描述，提出了“物極必反”之說。“物極必反”揭示的是事物在屬性或狀態(tài)上發(fā)展到極端時(shí)的變化趨向。事物在極端狀態(tài)下，其屬性或狀態(tài)的反向轉(zhuǎn)變是必然發(fā)生的。
The ancient Chinese came to know early that the nature or state of things change to their opposite under certain circumstances. In the Northern Song Dynasty, Cheng Yi (1033-1107) gave a detailed description of the rules of such change when he argued that "when reaching an extreme, things are bound to revert to their opposites." This view believes that things tend to change when reaching an extreme in their nature or state. In such a state, things inevitably transform themselves into their opposite.
引例 Citation：
◎物極必返，其理須如此。有生便有死，有始便有終。（《二程遺書·入關(guān)語錄》）
事物到達(dá)極端就必然向其反面轉(zhuǎn)化，事物的道理就是這樣。有生便會(huì)有死，有開始就會(huì)有終結(jié)。
When reaching an extreme, things are bound to revert to their opposite state. This is the way things work. When there is life, there is death, and when there is a beginning, there is an end. (Writings of the Cheng Brothers)
推薦：教育部 國家語委
供稿：北京外國語大學(xué) 外語教學(xué)與研究出版社
責(zé)任編輯：錢耐安
